Explain installation and configuration of Linux using ubuntu.

🐧 Ubuntu Linux

Ubuntu is a popular open-source Linux operating system based on Debian.
It is user-friendly and widely used in education, servers, and desktops.

🔹 Installation of Ubuntu Linux

Step 1: Download Ubuntu

• Download Ubuntu ISO file from official site
• Common version: Ubuntu Desktop LTS

Step 2: Create Bootable Media

• Create bootable USB/DVD using tools like:
  • Rufus (Windows)
  • Etcher
• Insert USB/DVD into system

Step 3: Boot from USB/DVD

• Restart system
• Enter BIOS/UEFI (F2 / F12 / DEL)
• Set boot priority to USB/DVD

Step 4: Start Installation

• Select Install Ubuntu
• Choose language and keyboard layout

Step 5: Installation Type

Options:

• Erase disk and install Ubuntu
• Install alongside Windows
• Manual partitioning

📌 Common partitions:

• / (root)
• /home
• swap

Step 6: User Configuration

• Enter:
  • Username
  • Password
  • Computer name
• Choose auto-login or password login

Step 7: Complete Installation

• Files are copied
• Restart system
• Remove installation media

✅ Ubuntu is now installed.

⚙️ Configuration of Ubuntu Linux

After installation, system needs basic configuration.

1️⃣ Update System

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

Keeps system secure and updated.

2️⃣ User & Password Management

sudo adduser user1
sudo passwd user1

Used to manage users.

3️⃣ Network Configuration

• Wired/Wi-Fi configured automatically
• Manual configuration via:

nmcli

or Settings → Network

4️⃣ Software Installation

sudo apt install vim
sudo apt install gcc

Uses APT package manager.

5️⃣ Date & Time Configuration

timedatectl

Can set timezone and time format.

6️⃣ Firewall Configuration

sudo ufw enable
sudo ufw status

Improves system security.

7️⃣ Desktop & Display Settings

• Change resolution
• Theme customization
• Power settings