{"id":383,"date":"2026-01-06T07:12:09","date_gmt":"2026-01-06T07:12:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mitalgoswami.in\/?p=383"},"modified":"2026-01-28T04:36:53","modified_gmt":"2026-01-28T04:36:53","slug":"unix-architecture","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mitalgoswami.in\/?p=383","title":{"rendered":"UNIX Architecture"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

UNIX Architecture is layer-based<\/strong>, meaning each layer has a specific role and interacts with others in a structured way.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

🔹 Layers of UNIX Architecture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1️⃣ Hardware<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • Physical components like CPU, memory, disk, keyboard, mouse<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • UNIX does not<\/strong> allow users to access hardware directly<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n

    2️⃣ Kernel (Heart of UNIX)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • Core part of UNIX<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Manages system resources<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      Main functions of Kernel:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      • 🧠 Process management<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • 💾 Memory management<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • 📂 File system management<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • 🔌 Device management<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • 🔐 Security & access control<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        ➡️ Kernel acts as a bridge between hardware and users<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n\n\n\n

        3️⃣ Shell (Command Interpreter)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        • Interface between user and kernel<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Takes user commands and passes them to the kernel<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          Examples of shells:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n
          • sh<\/code> (Bourne Shell)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • bash<\/code> (Bourne Again Shell)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • csh<\/code>, ksh<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

            Example command:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            ls\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
            \n\n\n\n
            4️⃣ Utilities \/ Commands<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
              \n
            • Programs that perform tasks<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Examples:\n
                \n
              • ls<\/code> \u2192 list files<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • cp<\/code> \u2192 copy files<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • rm<\/code> \u2192 delete files<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • cat<\/code> \u2192 display file content<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                \n\n\n\n
                5️⃣ Users<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                  \n
                • End users interact with the system using the shell<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • Can be:\n
                    \n
                  • Normal user<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • Super user (root)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                    \n\n\n\n
                    🔁 Working Flow of UNIX Architecture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                    User \u2192 Shell \u2192 Kernel \u2192 Hardware\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                    \n\n\n\n
                    ✅ Advantages of UNIX Architecture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                      \n
                    • Modular and well-structured<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • Secure and stable<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • Supports multi-user & multitasking<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • Easy to maintain and extend<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                      \"\"<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
                      UNIX Architecture is layer-based, meaning each layer has a specific role and interacts with others in a structured way. 🔹 Layers of UNIX Architecture 1️⃣ Hardware 2️⃣ Kernel (Heart of UNIX) Main functions of Kernel: ➡️ Kernel acts as a bridge between hardware and users 3️⃣ Shell (Command Interpreter) Examples of shells: Example command: 4️⃣ […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-383","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-unix"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mitalgoswami.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/383","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mitalgoswami.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mitalgoswami.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mitalgoswami.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mitalgoswami.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=383"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mitalgoswami.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/383\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":385,"href":"https:\/\/mitalgoswami.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/383\/revisions\/385"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mitalgoswami.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=383"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mitalgoswami.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=383"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mitalgoswami.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=383"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}